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Segmentation of the basic parts of human brain in MR data
Klásek, Pavel ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Malínský, Miloš (advisor)
This work describes segmentation methods used in image data processing, from which there are selected and implemented suitable methods for solving the assignment of segmentation parts of human brain – region growing and watershed algorithm. Segmentation techniques are realized on real data sources. Final segmentation results are presented, compared and evaluated accordig to the advanced software FreeSurfer segmentation results. In addition there is a list of available software that can be applied for the purpose of neurological image segmentation.
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Biomarkers of neurodegeneration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with selected neurological diseases
Nosková, Libuše ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor) ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (referee) ; Švarcová, Jana (referee)
Neurofilaments are the key structural component of the cytoskeleton of neurons, where they are essential for many functions. They consist of 3 subunits: light chain (NFL); medium chain (NfM) and heavy chain (NfH). Except neurofilament proteins there is also α-internexin in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripherin in the peripheral NS. Due to various pathophysiological processes, neurofilament proteins are released into the extracellular space, where they can interact with the components of the immune system. While the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is obvious, less knowledge about the antibody response to the neurofilament proteins is available. It is eligible to expand our knowledge in this area. Determination of free antibodies against neurofilaments together with their immune complexes with corresponding antigen provides us more detailed insight into the antibody immune response against neurofilaments. We have optimized the ELISA methods to determine free antibodies against light and heavy chain of neurofilaments together with their corresponding immunocomplexes in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Implementation of these methods is precondition for analysis of those parameters in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with...
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Determination of selenium and manganese in cerebrospinal fluid by atomic absorption spectrometry
Jiráková, Lucie ; Kotaška, Karel (advisor) ; Klapková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this study was to confirm the use of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid and to investigate concentrations of selenium and manganese in selected group of patients. For selenium was determined the detection limit 2,9 μg/l, for manganese 0,26 μg/l. 73 patients were examined (31 women, 42 men) whose average age was 14,1 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to age (56 children, 17 adults) and into two subgroups according to diagnoses (oncological, neurological). The control group consists of 18 subjects (5 women, 13 men, average age 21,7 years) with non-oncological and non-neurological diagnoses. We found significantly increased selenium concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in the control group, compared with the group with neurological diagnoses (median = 14,4 μg/l vs. 12,4 μg/l, p < 0.05). Elevated levels of manganese in cerebrospinal fluid was observed in a group of children with oncological diseases compared with control group (1,2 μg/l vs. 0,5 μg/l, p < 0.05). Determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid may have diagnostic importance in selected groups of patients. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Examination of Cellular Elements in the Cerebrospinal Fluid on the Analyser Sysmex XE-5000 by Method of "Body Fluid".
Davídková, Jana ; Fátorová, Ilona (advisor) ; Pešková, Eliška (referee)
Cerebrospinal fluid is examined using a variety of methods, which also include determining the number and type of each cell. Now the method of the first choice to determine the cellular elements is a microscopic method. This determination, however, can also be done using the analyzer method, which is not yet so widespread. The aim of my thesis was to compare these two methods and determine whether the examination of cerebrospinal fluid on the analyzer Sysmex XE-5000 in the "Body Fluid" mode can replace commonly used microscopic methods. To this purpose, we gathered the laboratory data measured by using both these methods. These data was compared, evaluated and statistically processed. The resulting data suggest that the values measured on the analyzer Sysmex XE-5000 are more accurate than from microscopic determination, especially at highly cell samples of cerebrospinal fluid. To this end, we came evaluation of Bland-Altman graphs and comparison graphs with marked of limits of physiological oligocytosis. For checking of the accuracy of measurements, we verified the repeatability of the analyzer for the values of leukocytes and erythrocytes, coefficients of variation corresponding to the values specified by the manufacturer's documentation. We also investigated the stability of samples of...
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Raman spectroscopy as the tool for Alzheimer's disease diagnostics
Tesař, Adam ; Kopecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jelínek, Otakar (referee)
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most frequent dementia. The prevalence is approximately 10% in 65 years old people. The current treatment is only progression protective, therefore it is crucial to find a new diagnostic approach for diagnosing AD in early stage. We analysed a set of 55 patients by the drop coating deposition Raman spectroscopy with the goal to verify previously published high sensitivity of the AD spectroscopic diagnosis in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and to find a new diagnostic method for blood serum (BS). We optimized measurement conditions for BS. The results were evaluated by the cluster analysis and the principal component analysis. The small set of samples exhibited high sensitivity in both CSF and BS but that distinctly decreased in the whole set. The results for CSF were affected by the choice of the analysed spectral interval. The best for AD diagnose was the interval containing peaks at 980, 1080 and 1249 cm-1.The results for BS have been the most sensitive in the whole spectral range. They have low sensitivity but high specificity for AD (92%). The usage of neural networks has conversely high sensitivity and low specificity in both sets of samples of BS and CSF. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Determination of selected components in human urine with electrophoresis in short capillary.
Makrlíková, Anna
Capillary zone electrophoresis is frequently used in various analyses. In this diploma thesis a hydrodynamic sample introduction method controlled by pressure pulse has been proposed for short-capillary electrophoresis. The base electrolyte flushes sample from the loop of a six-way sampling valve and is carried to the injection end of the capillary. At the time when the sample zone reached the capillary, a short pressure impulse is generated in the electrolyte stream, which provides injection of the sample into the capillary. Then the electrolyte flow is stopped and the separation voltage is turned on. The amount of sample introduced to the capillary is controlled by the duration of the pressure pulse. This new sample introduction method was tested in the determination of ammonia, histidine, creatinine, uric acid and hippuric acid in human urine and for rapid screening of the contents of the inorganic ions in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma. The determination was performed in a capillary with an overall length of 10,5 cm and two base electrolytes was tested - 50 mM MES + 5 mM NaOH (pH 5,10) and 1 M acetic acid + 1,5 mM crown ether 18-crown-6 (pH 2,40). Using dual detection techniques contactless conductivity and UV spectrometric detection, anorganic and organic substances in the sample could...
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Význam laktátu v diagnostice mitochondriálních onemocnění u dětí
Magner, Martin ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Baxová, Alice (referee) ; Procházková, Dagmar (referee)
The lactate level assesment in various body fluids plays an important role in the diagnostics of mitochondrial disorders in children. However, the interpretation of lactate level is often difficult due to its unspecificity and variability even in particular mitochondrial disorders. Three specific aims have been stated in this PhD Thesis: 1. To analyse the role of lactate examination in the differential diagnosis between children with mitochondrial disorders and children with other diseases. 2. To study the lactate level differences in various mitochondrial syndromes. 3. To characterise the clinical and laboratory data of neonates with mitochondrial disorders and to suggest new diagnostic algorhytms. Clinical and laboratory data from patients hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics were collected. Laboratory methods were provided in the cooperation with the Mitochondrial laboratory of the Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. The study with lactate levels in 107 patients documented that brief seizures lasting less than 2 minutes did not increase lactate concentration in the CSF. CSF-lactate was a relialable marker in differential diagnosis in the children with mitochondrial disorders against children with epilepsy. 2. The severity of particular phenotype is more...
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Diagnostics of neuroinfection caused by human herpesviruses using nucleic acid amplification methods
Labská, Klára ; Marešová, Vilma (advisor) ; Rožnovský, Luděk (referee) ; Krbková, Lenka (referee)
of thesis Diagnostics of neuroinfection caused by human herpesviruses using nucleic acid amplification methods author: MUDr. Klára Labská supervisor: doc. MUDr. Vilma Marešová, CSc. In recent years, the diagnosis of neuroinfections has undergone a shift towards molecular biology methods. Our research focused on the predictive value of the capture of herpesvirus (HV) DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. In the first study, we examined the presence of DNA neurotropic herpes viruses (HSV1, HSV2, VZV and HHV6) in cerebrospinal fluid in immunocompetent patients with laboratory-confirmed tick-borne meningoencephalitis and enterovirus meningitis and meningoencephalitis. The control group consisted of patients with proven absence of an inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid. Patients were followed for 6 months. The course of the disease and its consequences, including laboratory tests, were compared between groups of patients with and without the presence of HV DNA. In the second study, we tried to demonstrate the presence of HSV1 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid during its symptomatic reactivation in patients with purulent meningitis. In our group of immunocompetent patients with non-purulent inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid, the proportion of HV DNA positive patients reached 7.5% (13 out of 173), we also...
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Biochemical parameters of energy metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid in inflammatory and non-inflammatory CNS diseases.
Bořecká, Klára ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor) ; Bartoš, Aleš (referee) ; Matouš-Malbohan, Ivan (referee)
The basic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid provides a quick orientation in the diagnostic algorithm of CNS diseases about the nature of the pathological process. The current evaluation of cytology and biochemical parameters of glucose metabolism reports about the cells present and at the same time about the level of their activation. The aim of the work was to investigate the relationship between biochemical and cytological findings in cerebrospinal fluid in a large data set (n = 8 178), or confirm the hypothesis of a significant alteration in the Coefficient of Energy Balance (CEB) in cytological classes typically accompanying oxidative burst of phagocytes. CEB was subjected to analysis and comparison with other energy parameters (lacto-glucose ratio, gluco-lactate ratio, concentration of lactate and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid). The relationships between blood and cerebrospinal fluid glucose and lactate concentrations were investigated. CEB values were statistically significantly different in cytological groups, which reflected purulent inflammation, tumor involvement or infection by potential intracellular pathogens, the hypothesis was confirmed. Other energy parameters excluding glycorrhachia distinguish these cytological groups as well as CEB. There are inaccuracies in the derivation...
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